Linux – Manipulate the stdout and stderr

Redirection is very common and useful in Linux.

• stdout – Normal messages output displayed on terminal after running a command
• stderr – Error messages displayed on terminal after running a command

Here are some examples for manipulate the stdout and stderr.

Redirect stdout to a file

• cat <file> > result.txt

Redirect stderr to a file

• cat <file> 2> result.txt

Redirect stderr to stdout (Show both stdout and stderr on terminal)

• cat <file> 2>&1

Redirect the stderr and stdout to a file

• cat <file> &> result.txt

Silence both the stdout and stderr

• cat <file> &> /dev/null

Done =)

Reference: All about redirection